Understanding PPF: India's Safest Tax-Free Investment
The Public Provident Fund (PPF) is a government-backed, long-term savings scheme that offers guaranteed returns with complete tax exemption under Section 80C of the Income Tax Act. With a 15-year lock-in period (extendable in 5-year blocks), PPF is the cornerstone of retirement planning for millions of Indians. Our PPF calculator above shows exactly how your annual contributions grow with compounded, tax-free interest.
How is PPF Interest Calculated?
PPF interest is calculated on the minimum balance between the 5th and last day of each month, and is credited to your account at the end of each financial year (March 31). The interest rate is set by the Government of India every quarter. The formula for annual compounding is:
- Annual Deposit: Minimum ₹500, maximum ₹1,50,000 per financial year
- Interest Rate: Currently 7.1% p.a. (compounded annually, credited March 31)
- Lock-in Period: 15 years (partial withdrawal allowed from 7th year)
- Tax Benefit: EEE status — Exempt-Exempt-Exempt (deposit, interest, and maturity all tax-free)
PPF Rules Every Investor Should Know
1. Deposit Rules
You can deposit in lump sum or up to 12 installments per year. Deposits must be made before March 31 to earn interest for that financial year. The best strategy: deposit the full ₹1.5 lakh before April 5.
2. Loan & Withdrawal
You can take a loan against your PPF from the 3rd to 6th year. Partial withdrawals (up to 50% of balance) are allowed from the 7th year onwards. Complete withdrawal only at maturity (15 years).
3. Extension Options
After 15 years, you can extend your PPF in 5-year blocks — either with fresh contributions or without. Many investors keep their PPF active for 25-30 years to maximize the tax-free compounding effect.
PPF vs SIP vs FD: Which Should You Choose?
PPF offers guaranteed, tax-free returns (currently 7.1%) with zero risk — ideal for the conservative portion of your portfolio. Equity SIPs historically deliver 10-15% but carry market risk. Fixed Deposits offer liquidity but interest is fully taxable. A smart strategy: max out your PPF (₹1.5L/year) for the safe, tax-free base, then invest surplus in SIPs for growth. Use our SIP Calculator and FD Calculator to compare all three.